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KMID : 0361120120260020125
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Korean Journal of Transplantation
2012 Volume.26 No. 2 p.125 ~ p.130
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A Case of Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection Developed after Pretreatment with Rituximab and Plasma Exchange in a Highly-Sensitized Recipient with a Deceased Donor Kidney
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Kim Sung-Min
Oh Joon-Seok
Shin Yong-Hun
Kim Joong-Kyung
Park Jong-In
Hur Kill
Kim Yong-Jin
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Abstract
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Acute antibody-mediated rejection is the major cause of graft failure in the early stage of kidney transplantation.
Preoperative treatment and early diagnosis of acute rejection is very important to prevent graft loss in sensitized patients.
High panel reactive antibody (PRA) means a likelihood of acute rejection, and the recipient of high PRA needs adequate
pretreatment for kidney transplantation. However, there is not sufficient time and chances for desensitization in deceased
kidney transplants. We report a successful renal transplant outcome in a 47-year-old-woman with high PRA levels (Class
I 97.5%, Class II 36.7%). The cross match was negative on the CDC (ELISA) and flowcytometric methods. Plasma exchange was performed on the recipient before transplantation (fresh frozen plasma replacement, 1.3 plasma volume) and immediately after plasma exchange she was given 200 mg of rituximab. She received basiliximab and methyl prednisolone induction therapy and was maintained on steroids, mycophenolate mofetil, and tacrolimus. Graft function was normal immediately after transplantation, but decreased urinary output and elevated serum creatinine was noted on POD 5. On POD 6, a graft biopsy revealed acute cellular rejection (Type IIa) and antibody-mediated rejection (Type II). On 9∼13 days after transplantation, additional plasma exchange was performed every other day, and steroid pulse therapy was performed 3 times. After normalization of urinary output and serum creatinine, the patient was discharged and is being followed up on. In conclusion, immunologically careful preparation and pretransplant treatment may be needed on the negative cross match in cadaveric kidney recipients with high levels of PRA.
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KEYWORD
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Kidney transplantation, Cadaver, Rituximab, Graft rejection, Immunization
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